When did fasting in Ramadan become obligatory?
Question · One of the most asked questions about Ramadan
Was fasting in Ramadan part of Islam right from the beginning? I'm curious when it actually became compulsory for Muslims and how it started.
Short answer
Fasting in Ramadan became obligatory in the second year after the Hijra (around 624 CE), in Madinah. The Prophet fasted nine Ramadans during his lifetime.
Detailed answer
Fasting in Ramadan was made obligatory in the second year after the Hijra, the Prophet's migration from Makkah to Madinah. This corresponds to around 624 CE. It was not one of the first obligations in Islam: during about thirteen years in Makkah the focus was on faith and prayer, and the fast came later in Madinah, once the Muslim community was established.
What the Quran says
The command came in Surah Al-Baqarah: "O you who believe, fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may become mindful of Allah" (Al-Baqarah 2:183). The verses that follow (2:184–185) name the month of Ramadan and explain the exemptions for the sick and travellers.
A gradual introduction
- Before Ramadan: the Prophet (peace be upon him) fasted the day of Ashura and told Muslims to fast it. When Ramadan was made obligatory, fasting Ashura became voluntary (Bukhari and Muslim, from Aisha).
- An early choice: according to a report in Bukhari, at first those who were able could choose to feed a poor person instead of fasting. Then the verse "whoever witnesses the month, let him fast it" (2:185) made fasting a firm duty for everyone able to fast.
- An easing at night: in the early period, eating was not allowed after a person had slept at night. Allah then revealed Al-Baqarah 2:187, allowing eating, drinking and marital relations throughout the night until dawn.
The Prophet's Ramadans
Scholars of the Prophet's biography record that he fasted nine Ramadans before he passed away in 11 AH. The very first obligatory Ramadan also saw the Battle of Badr, a decisive event in early Islamic history, which shows that fasting did not stop the early Muslims from great effort.
Why gradually?
Many scholars see wisdom in this step-by-step approach: hearts were first filled with faith, and then the acts of worship followed, making them easier to accept and keep.
Learn more about why Muslims fast, fidya for those who cannot fast, and what is allowed at night in Ramadan.
These answers give the general ruling based on the Quran, the Sunnah and the mainstream view of scholars. For a personal situation, ask a qualified scholar you trust.
Ask your question
Could not find your question? Send it to us. We add answers to the most asked questions on this page.