Why do Muslims fast during Ramadan?
Question · One of the most asked questions about Ramadan
My neighbour is fasting this month and told me it's part of her religion, but I'd like to understand the real reason. Why do Muslims go all day without food and water in Ramadan?
Short answer
Muslims fast in Ramadan because Allah commands it in the Quran, so that they grow in God-consciousness (taqwa). Fasting also builds self-control, gratitude and compassion for the hungry.
Detailed answer
The main reason Muslims fast in Ramadan is simple: Allah has commanded it. Fasting this month is an act of worship and obedience, and it is one of the five pillars of Islam. Muslims also see many wisdoms and benefits in it, both spiritual and practical.
What the Quran says
The Quran states the purpose of fasting directly:
"O you who believe, fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may become mindful of Allah." (Al-Baqarah 2:183)
The Arabic word for this mindfulness is taqwa: being aware of Allah at all times and guarding yourself from what displeases Him. A person who can leave food and drink, which are normally allowed, for the sake of Allah learns that they can also leave what is wrong. The verse also reminds us that fasting is not new: earlier communities were given fasting too.
The wisdom behind fasting
- Self-discipline: fasting trains a person to control desires, anger and habits.
- Gratitude: feeling hunger and thirst makes us value blessings we take for granted.
- Compassion: fasting gives a small taste of what the poor feel every day, which encourages charity.
- Forgiveness: the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said that whoever fasts Ramadan out of faith and hoping for reward will have their previous sins forgiven (Bukhari and Muslim).
- Community: families and neighbours share iftar meals, pray together and support each other.
More than not eating
Fasting is not only about the stomach. The Prophet (peace be upon him) warned that whoever does not give up false speech and acting on it, Allah has no need of their giving up food and drink (Bukhari). So Muslims also try to guard their tongue, eyes and behaviour while fasting.
Not a burden beyond ability
Islam does not ask anyone to harm themselves. The sick, travellers and others with valid reasons have special rules, and many find that the month leaves them feeling lighter, calmer and closer to Allah.
Learn more about the rewards of fasting, why fasting is one of the five pillars, and what Ramadan is.
These answers give the general ruling based on the Quran, the Sunnah and the mainstream view of scholars. For a personal situation, ask a qualified scholar you trust.
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